The upper reaches of the Yangtze River is one of the most serious regions of soil and water loss in Chma, Through on the spot investigation to major control areas on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the traits and harms of soil and water loss, as well as the importance and present significance of promoting soil and water loss harnessment for the. area were analyzed in this paper. Meanwhile, the authors summarized the experience that implemented the harness project of the Yangtze River in recent three years and evaluated the benefit and characteristics of harness project of the Yangtze River, Finally, the authors put forward some constructive suggestton of taking further steps to promote the work of soil and water conservation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.