The precent and its harmfulness of soil and water loss in red earth hilly region of south of Yangte river was discussed in this paper.Results of investigation indicate that the soil and water loss was caused by overcutting and unreasonable cropping system of farming and foresty.From a staring point of construction of rural enery resources,the ways to control soil and water loss should reform and develop current lorestory land barren hill and eroded lield,and increase vegetation cover land to improve ecosystem and prompt development of rural economy on the base of stablizing food crop production.