Based on the practice on scientific research of soil and water conservation for more than 20 years the basic thoughts carrying out scientific research of soil and water conservation have been put forward,it produces soil and water loss as the rainfall with some intensity fall on the slop land without covering. Building vegetation,soil and water conservation tillage,engneering measures of soil },nd ester conservation,or these measures comprehensive joining one another,or optimum deposition of comprehensive measrues,make rainfall not fall on the slop land directly,or make rainfall fall on plate so as to control soil and water loss. At the same time,based on this basic thoughts,the main measures,content and technical methods,carrying out the scientific research about soil and water conservation,put forward.