Based on ″net income per capital″,a quantilative index of well-to-do and on the investigation in 315 mainsmall watersheds of the first phase of the the project of four key controlling areas in the Yellow river watershed.The results show that control of small watershed has made the first progress on a well-to-do road.However therestill exist some problems in degrees after 10 years ,The auther analyses the reason caused this situation and consid-ers that main causes are land use construction and industrial construction.