Mapping study, “1:15 000 000 Soil Erosion Map of China"and "1:15 000 000 Soil and Water Conservation Map of China”, has been carried out, in which almost all investigation data published on soil erosion and conservtion in China since the founding of I RC were integrated, therefore a sketch classification system of soil erosion and conservation were suggested, and the method of soil erosion harmfulness evaluation was put forward.The study shows:1.there are not only various types of soil erosion in China, but also with severely intensity and harmfulness to industry and agriculture;2.the geographical differentiation of erosion is distinctly and clearly-there are three erosion regions, i.e.the east China water erosion region, the northwest China wind erosion region, Tibetan plateau freeze一thraw erosion region.And seven sub-regions and twenty-five areas of soil erosion were identified according to the erosion types and its geo-compound, the small scale plan of soil and water conservation of China is as follows:the key regions of erosion which have to be controlled in China is in the east China because of the dense population and important human geographical location一the centre of China politics.culture, and economics.In some areas of region, such as the loess plateau, the northwest China undulating hills, thenorth China Mts.and hills, Sichuan basin with purle soil, the south Yangtze R.hills, the southwest China landslide and mud-rock active belt and so on, should be paid more attention to and controlled immediately.As for the west, the key region is located in oasis.and the basin of Yarlungzangbo river.