Based on the field investigation in Liudaogou watershed,Jin Shaan Inner Mongolia coalfield,the influence of the small coalpit developing on the environment and soil and water conservation has been analysed. It has been shown that the small coalpit has brought a great promotion to rural economy and people's well bing, Nevertheless,the contradiction between the small coalpit developing and the fragile environment and soil and water conservation becomes more acute.It will be the burning issue at present that how to deal with this contradiction in rural soil and water conservation.