The middle and lower reaches of Jialingjiang river with a serious soil erosion,is a major region of soil and water conservation in the whole country.A conclusion is obtained by analyzing the documents of runoff and sediment in Lizixi basin, a typical basin of the reaches.Because of taking control and protect measurement into the ecological environment,soil erosion in the basin shows a tendency to decrease in a recent decade.Comparing with sediment discharge in years from 1965 to 1984,sediment discharge from 1985 to 1994 reduced 58.3%.Therefore, if the experience and measurement of controlling soil erasion of the basin are spread to other areas of the reaches,the condition of serious soil erosion in the middle and lower reaches of Jialingjiang river will be distinctively improved