Basing on lots of facts,using contrast analysis method,the natural conditions,population,cultivated land ,food,quality and quantity of cultivated land,the factors affecting economic development and social progress of Qinghai province are analysed.The results show that in order to obtain agricultural development,especially food production,increase self sufficient level,we must protect cultivated land depending on the law,exploit cultivated land resource and enlarge cultivated land,increase food productivity, promote investment;intensify base;carry out 《the Law of Birth Control》 and strictly control population increasing.