At the heavy and coarse sediment region in the middle reaches of the Yellow river basin,because of the high population density,insufficient cereals supplement,deficientfuel,fertilizer and forage resource,and serious soil erosion,the contradiction between population and environment becomes the principle factor which restricts the economic development of this region.The result obtained from management practices at 4 typical small watersheds show that, after comprehensive management for about 4～7 years,the population density could reach a appropriate degree,the contradiction between population and environment could be preliminarily resolved.meanwhile,the environmental population density of this region in the end of the century was predicted.