Based on the reality of Hebei province,the effects of soil erosion on the development of ecological agriculture are discussed.It is pointed that comprehensive control of soil erosion is the basis of ecological agriculture in mountain areas,meanwhile the comprehensive control at small watershed is the specific pattern of it,it could ensure the development of ecological agriculture in plain areas at the lower reaches.Some specific countermeasures are suggested to enhance soil and water conservation,and to promote the construction of ecological agriculture in the province.