Land water resource have reached a crisis, which has aroused a general concern from people all over the world. There are several causes to this problem: (1) The water on land recedes, water resource reduces continuously with the development of the history of the earth. (2) The action of atmospheric circulation movement makes some place been droughty and rainless. Meanwhile, as a result of the influence of the distance from sea and the function of topography and relief, the nearer it is towards the inland, the less it rains and the stronger the surface runoff is. Water resource is in short supply and it becomes droughty and desert. (3) The destruction of ecosystem caused by the activities of mankind leads to soil erosion. Excessive exploiting water and water pollution make the condition of water shortage more worse. (4) Water consumption by the earth itself and other side effects on water circulation system are the causes of being short of land water resource. Science and technology are developing rapidly today, it is necessary to analyze and study on how to prevent water resource from being in a bad way and let water resource bring more benefits to mankind. The key to this problem is that people should have a deep knowledge of water resource, protect and build more water resource projects systematically in order to easeor overcome the water resource crisis, which can make threats against people’s live and human development.