Through analysing the characteristics of hydro-environment on the loess plateau, It is pointed that the precipitation of loess plateau has two characters： one is low, the other is intensive, which can result in a strong soil and water loss. Soil moisture is always in stress statue there. The productivity of basic farmland and forest-pasture land has been seriously stressed by water shortage, and the runoff is affected by precipitation. The eco-environment should be improved by biological, engineering and chemical measures for soil and water conservation (SWC) in order to adjust water condition on the loess plateau. The SWC measures can bring impacts on hydro-environment in two aspects. (1) In land section scale, it can harvest rainwater and increase soil infiltration rate, which made soil can provide more water to plant; (2) For some high water consumption land, such as forest and pasture, the water stress can only be modified, and the hydro-environment should be considered into the constructing of vegetation; (3) For watershed scale, the SWC can increase water storage and evaporation, meanwhile, it can decrease runoff.