The thought of spatial structure in landscape ecology is introduced. The patch, cor-ridor, matrix, edge are the main elements according to remote sensing information and material from regional geological mapping in headstream region， and based on the spatial structure features of soil erosion on three scales. Mechanism of soil erosion is put a bridle on spontaneous factor and action of humanity. Measures of soil and water conservation are to enhance consciousness of ecotope and restrain from short-term action paying attention to economy. The specific methods is safekeeping rangeland, safekeeping riverside using plant cover and stockade, resuming plant cover postmining goldmine.