According to detailed data that are gained by 7-year tests of the different cultivation of the slope land in the loess hilly and gully region of the north of Shaanxi province, water use of the different cultivation, water balance, outputs and comprehensive efficiency of soil and water conservation are discussed. The conclusion is that crop grow this mainly dependent on natural rainfall during the growth period; water-consuming content of crop is significantly relative to the rainfall during the growth period per year and water supply content of soil, and crop makes mainly use of soil moisture of 0-120cm layer. The comprehensive efficiency sequence of the different farming sat the same year is broadter race> narrow ter race> level trench >traditional tillae> level bench> alternation of slope and terrace, while the soil and water conservation efficiency sequence is terrace> level trench> alternation of slope and terrace> level bench> traditional tillage>bare land. Finally we think that quitcultivating and resto ring and rebuilding forest and grass should be quickly put into practice in order to accelerate the ecoenvironmental constr uction, and strategic adjustment of agricultural structure should be advanced.