By visiting the peasant households,the main participator the behavior of peasant on soil and water conservation in the gully area of the losses plateau is studied. It is found that there is a big difference between peasant and the government of their goals in soil and water conservation,the peasant use soil and water conservation measures to maximize their income,but the government. s purpose is to improve the environment in this area and let the Yellow river and its drainage area be safety. Finally,some policy countermeasures proposes to harmonize their goals and encourage the peasant to take soil and water conservation measures.