The area of Yichang soil and water conservation major region of upper reaches of the Yangtze rive area totals 8372km², of which the area of soil erosion is 4 710.22 km², accounts for 56.26%. The area of middle mountain accounts for 89.1%, the area of steep slop (>25) accounts for 68.35%. The amount of precipitation of flood season accounts for 70.25% of annual rainfall. Besides collapse and landslide disasters are frequency, and Three Gorges project will expropriate and irrigate 100.5 km² of land area of three county, the sum of migrants is about 0.136 million. So anthropogenic soil and water loss become more serious. We should firmly seize the opportunities of "Yangtze treatment project implementing", make terrace on slop and establish production forest projects and take them as a breakthrough, implement the comprehensive measures to optimize the structure and shaped the pattern of strip transect and block. We developed soil and water conversation integrative protection system while optimized the land structure of utilization and the pattern of agriculture, and we have essentially controlled the soil and water loss. Now, the annual runoff volume has been reduced, the annual soil erosion amount has been reduced 5.22 million tons and increased settlement of 37 per km². Through the increasing development of characteristic prop industry of orange and tea, we have accelerated the sustainable socioeconomic development.