The Yangze river basin has a vast expanse and ascendant natural conditions. Nowadays there is a growing concern about the issue of the ecological construction of soil and water conservation. Giving full play to the self restoration capability of ecology, speeding up vegetation rehabilitation and improving ecosystem in a large area are the most effective approach to quicken the management of soil and water loss in the Yangze river basin. It also meets the demand of era. A large amount of the Yangze river basin have a mild climate, abundant precipitation and many kinds of vegetation, plants in this area can grow in whole year, which is very advantageous to the plants growing and the self restoration of ecology. It is indicated by the practice for a long time, the main countermeasures of developing the self restoration capability of ecology are synthetically planning and scientifically returning sloped lands to trees and grasses, closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, solving the problems of fuel, feed and timbering of the peasants in reason, in the meanwhile, creating environments and conditions for the self restoration of ecology actively.