According to monitoring and analysis of ground-water and vegetation response at the lower reaches of Tarim river in the last 3 years, the water resource deficit situation changed after the project of transferring water. It was found that the average ground-water level rose from 8.25 m below ground surface before water transfer to 4.13 m below ground surface after water transfer. Correspondingly, the vegetation health improved in this region. However, due to differencevS in timing and quantity of water transfer to different parts of the lower reaches of the Tarim river，the ground-water level varies in the region. Judging by the criteria for ecologically sound ground-water levels, which indicate conditions to prevent salinization. desertification and damage to the growth of some xerophytic trees and bushes in this region. The problem, whether the ground-water level in different parts at the lower reaches of the Tarim river reasonable is analyzed. The results show that the ground-water level (between 2.97 and 4.8 m below ground surface after water transfer) from Yingsu to Alagan is comparatively reasonable. The ground-water level (between 0.1 and 2.47 m below ground surface after water transfer) from Daxihaizi reservoir to Yingsu is too high and may cause salinization. Conversely, the ground-water level at the downstream part from Alagan to Taitema lake is too low to prevent land from desertification and to improve vegetation restoration. Therefore going on translating water to raise the ground-water level is necessary.