The biodiversity of the west lakeside zone of Hongze lake is rich. There are diverse vegetation associations, many key protected bird species and large number of sub-populations in this area. The investigating results obtained are as follows：the west lakeside of Hongze lake has been identified 165 species of phytoplankton, 81 species of high plants，91 species of zooplankton, 69 species of zoo benthos, 102 species of fish and 194 species of birds. After brief introduction for socioeconomic feature，natural feature, environmental quality and the scope of the west lakeside zone of Hongze lake. The major factors which affect the biodiversity of the west lakeside zone of Hongze lake are expounded. Major content of the biodiversity protection is defined, that is infrastructure construction of natural groove guard, ecological rehabilitation of the west lakeside zone and synthetic renovation for regional environment. Some suggestions are proposed to use the biological resource of the west lakeside zone of Hongze lake continuously. The capital of the biodiversity protection of the west lakeside zone of Hongze lake is planed.