According to field surveys,ten issues on soil and water conservation and ecology security in the eight provinces of south China are discussed.The former five are dedicated to elucidate the present status and problems of soil and water conservation.In general,the status of soil and water conservation turns better but still worse in part.Such a phenomena is presented that the hills are green with soil and water loss remaining.Problems of ecology security related to soil and water conservation are severe.Experience for soil and water conservation is not efficient in practice.Soil and water conservation in the rural areas is necessary and should be put ahead.The latter five attempt to summarize the control and mitigation measures of soil and water conservation.These items include national support,regional self-help,exploitation and conservation,cological economy,planning, strategy,policy,cooperation,science and technology and integrated system.The discussion is expected to provide a guide and reference in soil and water conservation for decision-makers.