In the area of watershed between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River,there are a series of ecological environmental issues,such as fragile forest ecosystem,frequent drought damage,lake of water resources,serious soil and water loss and contamination by chemical fertilizer,pesticide and plastic membrane.The main causes resulting in the ecological issues were analyzed in terms of geological conditions,climate factors,forest coverage and soil conditions.According to natural conditions of the area natural rules and systematic engineering principle,a series of countermeasures were propased such as improving forest cover degree ,enhancing water conservancy project,adjusting agricultural production constitution,combining engineering measures with ecological measures to restore mine ecosystem and to take comprehensive measures to control soil erosion so as to improve ecological environmental quality in watershed between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River.