Zhejiang Province is located in the red soil hills region of Southeast China.Soil and water loss is a major problem because of natural processes and human activities in the province.Based on the analyses of the situation,development tendency and soil erosion hazards,the important functions of soil and water conservation in maintaining ecology safety were investigated.These functions are increasing vegetation cover and soil penetration,increasing valid water,decreasing peak flow,reducing sediment in river and reservoir,improving water quality,exerting engineer benefits and preventing soil and water loss by human activities.In the same time,it also plays an important role in conserving environment and reducing soil erosion,as well as facilitating economic development in the undeveloped countryside.