The study area is located in the shrub-grass zone, Longli County, Guizhou Province. Based on long-term data and hydrological methods, soil moisture capacity is studied in views of its temporal and spatial patterns and dynamic characteristics. Different types of vegetation cover have different forms of soil moisture movement. Shrub land, grass land and corn field are selected for comparison. Land types rank in the descendant order of corn field, grass land and shrub land in terms of the initial content, whereas they rank in the descendant order of corn field, shrub land and grass land in terms of the descending rate. The analyses of soil moisture indicate the descending rate of the soil moisture on grass land is slower than that on shrub land, and their water retention property is stronger. Vegetation on grass land is different from other regions, and appears to be adaptable.