Four tillage treatments were carried out for five years by simulated rainfall in the middle area of the Loess Plateau: traditional tillage(T), traditional tillage with straw incorporated(TS), no-tillage(NT), and no tillage with straw cover(NTS).Runoff starting time, amount of runoff, and amount of soil erosion were measured af ter harvest of pea.Under rainfall intensity of 85 mm/h, ru noff process was alleviated and the amou nt of ru noff was red uced using NTS.Compared to NT, TS, and T, the amounts of runoff under NTS were red uced by 2.4%, 12.1%, and 34.7%, respectively; infiltration rates were increased by 2.7%,13.6%, and 38.6%; runoff starting times were slowed down 1.17, 0.83, and 3.83 min; the amounts of soil erosion were red uced by 0.3%, 17.7%, and 62.4%.Therefore, the effects of soil and water conservation under NTS are most obvious and soil erosion is easily to take place u nder traditional tillage.