Taking Zhifanggou watershed for an example, t his paper aims to design an evaluation index system for agricult ural ecology securit y in the loess hill and gully region.The developing course of eco-economic sys- tem is divided into 4 stages according to the conditions of agricult ural ecology securit y in nearly 70 years.Then the authors discuss the main factors which affect agricult ural ecology securit y and obtain a series of e- valuation indexes by analyzing the 4 stages.The evaluation indexes are selected, classified, and confirmed based on the index selecting principles of scientific foundation, developing condition, practicalit y, and so on,and by ref erring to the model of “ pressure state response”(PSR) and the suggestions from several experts.The evaluation index system of agricult ural ecology security suitable for the region is established, in- eluding ecological environment, social-economy, and integrative function, as well as 20 specific indexes.