By taking the water source of Binxian County,Heilongjiang Province,the Erlong reservoir,as an example,the condition,process,mechanism,and transportway of non-pointsource pollution were investi-gated. The influences of fertilizer,pesticides,utilization and managementof agricultural biomass waste,and soil erosion on the water source were analyzed. To achieve the human-water harmony,source of pollution and its transportway,capacity of ecological restoration,managementof agricultural biomass waste in vil lage,control of soil erosion,and the rehabilitation along the river corridor should be taken into consideration so as to control the non-pointsource pollution.