Over the pastdecades,zero-flow caused the reduction of groundwater level and the degradation of vegetation in the lower reaches of the tarim River. In order to rehabilitate and reconstructthe seriously dam aged ecosystem,eightemergentecological water conveyances were conducted from 2001 to 2006. The effects of ecological stream water conveyance on groundwater level and quality,vegetation,and land desertification were analyzed based on the field investigation and monitoring data. Results showed thatthe groundwater lev el and quality in the lower reaches of the tarim River have been significantly increased. Itcan be concluded from this study thatafter conveying water,ecological environmentwithin a certain range of the riversides in the lower reaches of tarim River is significantly improved. However,some problems still exist,for exam ple,the currentecological water conveyance is decided mainly by the high water level of Bosten Lake and Kaidou River. If a dry season is encountered,itis difficultto handle it. If a large quantity of water convey ance from Bo Lake,Bo Lake will inevitably lead to the deterioration of the environment.