The paper introduces the construction status,supporting conditions and main implementation approaches of the National Key Project for Soil and Water Conservation of Shanxi Province.Based on the completed project construction practice,construction benefits,existing problems,and some successful experiences in the project are analyzed.The remarkable achievements of the project implementation show that the project mechanism innovation,organization roles and joint efforts of the departments involved in land management,agriculture,forestry,and others,and policies supporting measures can effectively overcome the problems such as unidentified subject and lagged management during the ecological construction.