Although many soil and water conservation monitoring works have been addressed in our country since 1990's, studies on the basic theories of soil and warter conservation monitoring are still weak. Based on the overview of soil and warter conservation monitoring practices and theories, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the conception of soil and water conservation monitoring, the connection of soil and water conservation monitoring with observation of soil and water conservation and soil erosion model researches. Finally the contents and methodology of soil and water conservation monitoring were dicussed.