Field survey and laboratory observation experiment were conducted to study the character of soil seed bank for Pinus Tabulaef ormis Plantation in wuling Mountains，such as species composition，density，and the vertical distribution of species. Results indicated that(1) the average seed storage of seed banks was 5 711 grains/ m² and the minimum and the maximum storage were 3 563 grains/ m² and 9 537 grains/ m²,respectively. (2) Vertical distribution of the soil seed bank mainly concentrated in the three levels of 0-2.5,2.5-5,and 5-7.5 cm,accounting for 75.38%-79. 32%,and for the forest flooring and the 7.5-10 cm level,the distribution accountedfor 20.68%-24.62%.(3) Species composition of the soil seed bank for the two types of shrubs and herbaceous,non tree plant,the perennial herb occupies the obvious superiority in the species number and the seed number.