Based on the data from landuse change survey in Anhui Province from 1996 to 2005，the evolution of landuse pattern in the province is studied using structural quantitative analysis methods of landscape ecology. It is found that the diversity and evenness of landuse show an upward trend and the dominance shows a downward trend. The drive mechanisms of the evolution of landuse pattern are studied by means of canonical correlation analysis of NOSA and the trend of evolution of landuse pattern is predicted using GKSIM model.Results show that by 2020,the areas of cultivated land，garden land，grass land,water surface,and unutilized land will decrease,but forest land，ho using,industrial and mineral land,as well as land for traffic will increase;and the rate of landuse change will decrease. The study is significant for the optimization of land resource allocation and the rational use of land resources and gives references for landuse plan and landuse policy making.