Soil and water loss is the most important stress factor to ecology security in black soil region of Northeast China. Based on the concrete analysis of the causes,hazards, and present status of soil loss and its prevention in black soil region of Northeast China,some indexes related to soil loss were introduced. Accord-ing to the index selection principles and by referring to the model of Press (P)-Status(S)-Response (R)and the suggestions from several experts,the primary selection of indexes were made further and classified.Finally an evaluation index system of ecology security under soil and water loss stress in black soil region of northeast China was established, which is composed of 8 first-grade indexes and 21 second-grade indexes