The severe drought disaster began in Autumn 2009 has strong impacts on agriculture and life in the southwest region of China. Based on the analysis of natural causes,the human activities focusing on change of eco-environmrnt,such as land use change,soil and water conservation,mining,and water resource engineering,are discussed to show the possible impacts and their approaches. The basic natural cause of the terrible drought disaster is the poor weather condition with very little precipitation in 7 months from September 2009 to March 2010. Adjusting capacity loss of soil water supply induced by deforestation,cash crop planting with higher water consumption,water system destroy induced by large-scale mining,and capacity loss of water resource engineering are the main causes that make the disaster happen and become worse. Only when considering the special local conditions and the process of eco-hydrological system in the region and practicing integrated water system management,we can prevent and reduce the negative impacts of climate change for the regional sustainable development.