Selecting 4 erosion factors of rainfall erosivity,soil erodibility,topography undulating degree,and vegetation coverage,this paper evaluated the effects of the returning farmland to forest project(RFFP)on the changes of soil erosion sensitivity with the aid of USLE and GIS.Results showed that mild sensitivity and moderate sensitivity were the main sensitivity types and their area proportions were 39.61% and 29.04% before the RFFP and 37.79% and 34.03% after the RFFP,respectively.In the south,non-sensitivity and mild sensitivity were the main sensitivity types and in the southwest,the non-sensitive area increased.In the north,the moderately,highly,and extremely sensitive types embedded each other before the RFFP,but the distribution pattern of them became obviously regular after the RFFP.Before the RFFP,soil erodibility played an important role in erosion sensitivity,while the role of rainfall erosivity was quite ordinary.After the RFFP,the effect of soil erodibility decreased sharply,while the rainfall erosivity increased quit obviously.In a word,the RFFP has improved soil erosion sensitivity.The need for soil and water conservation is still urgent in the highly and extremely sensitive regions.