he study analyzed the effect of different vegetation on soil physicochemical properties and anti-erodibilty using the fractal theory． The results show that the soil under Hedysarum monglicum had a higher content of 1 ～0． 25mm soil microaggregates and particles than those under the other vegetations． Microaggregate factal dimensions of the soils under Caragana korshinkii and Hedysarum monglicum were lower than those under the other vegeataions，even significantly lower than that of bare sand． The highest particle dimensions were found in the soils under Artemisia desertorum and Hedysarum monglicum，and the lowest was in the soil under Caragana korshinki． Bare sand presented the highest erodibility value (K) while the soils under Hedysarum monglicum and Hedysarum scoparium had the lower ones． It can be concluded that the vegetation on bare sand could improve the soil quality and anti-erodibility，and Hedysarum monglicum could be the best choice as plant for improving soil quality according to the findings of this study．