Dynamic changes and structural efficiency of land use can provide reference for decision-making in the structural adjustment of regional land use. Based on detailed landuse survey data collected from 1998 to 2008, the landuse dynamics of Heilongjiang Province in the ten years were analyzed by determination of land-use change extent and dynamic degrees of individual landuse type. The DEA model was applied to analyze the landuse structure efficiency. The results show that the areas of the individual landuse types changed in differ-ent directions and to various degree. Specifically, Harbin and Suihua City experienced the greatest change, owing to the administrative adjustment within Heilongjiang Province. Overall, transportation land decreased faster than the others, and other agricultural land and land for water conservancy facility increased faster. The dynamic degrees differed among the thirteen cities(area) of the study area. According to the DEA mod-el, the cities were divided into efficient and inefficient cities. Larger redundant allowance of some land use type was the main reason that led to the underachievement of the land production in the inefficient cities. In the other hand, the low GDP and undeveloped first, second, and third industries were the main reasons for the low efficiency of land production. Last but not least, landuse structure adjustment was proposed accord-ing to the DEA results.