Standard runoff plots were built in Jianshan small watershed of Fuxian Lake watershed in Chengjiang County,Yunnan Province.In addition to the control,two types of soil and water conservation measures were set up on the sloping farmland,i.e.,reverse-sloped terraces with 1.2 m interval and grass strips with 2.0 m interval.Surface runoff and sediment yields were monitored after each rain events to compare the water and soil conservation effects of these two measures.It was shown by the study that both surface runoff and sediment yields differed significantly between the two measures.The runoff depth for the reverse-sloped terrace was 113.64 mm during the year,which was 61.9% less than that of the control,while the observed soil loss was 714.7 t/km²,approximately 77.4% less than the control.For the grass strip treatment,the runoff depth was 82.76 mm,72.2% less than the control,whereas the soil loss was 370.1 t/km²,88.3% less than that of the control.Apparently,both measures showed significant benefits in reductions of both surface runoff and soil loss.The average index values of runoff and soil loss reduction were 0.57 and 0.97 for constructing reverse-sloped terrace,and were 0.79 and 0.76 for building grass belts,respectively.The total N and P losses in surface runoff and sediment were also reduced remarkably,by 81.9% and 44.3% for reverse-sloped terrace,and by 74.7% and 83.7% for grass belts,respectively.