According to plants investigation with the combined method of uniform distribution with typical sampling area,the plant species and diversity along four provincial roads in Xuzhou area were studied by using significant value,richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou evenness index and similarity index.Results showed that(1)there were 31kinds of arbor,17kinds of shrub and 40kinds of herbage along the four roads.Populus,Ligustrum lucidum,Juniperus chinensis cv.kaizuk and Trifolium played important roles,and their significant value and frequency of occurrence were at the top.(2)The species of arbor and shrub occurred mostly in S323and the species of herbage,mostly in S253.Artificial trees and shrubs inhibited the growth of weeds to some extent.Comprehensive Shannon-Wiener index was in the order of S323>S322>S253>S251.Richness index,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index were all in the order of herbage>arbor>shrub along every provincial road.(3)The similarity index was between 30%and50% and herbage species had the greatest contribution to it.During road greening,we need consider the community as a whole,especially increase the diversity of herb to inhibit weed growth.