Effects of ecological de-farming on farmers'income,industrial structure and cultivation structure were analyzed based on the agricultural statistic data from 1980to 2007in Ansai County of Shaanxi Province.Grey relational grade analysis method was used to investigate the rural industrial structure adjustment process and agricultural structure adjustment direction.The purpose of the study was to explore the influences of the de-farming and reafforestation project implement in the county,especially for the agricultural and rural economic development,and find the path for rural economic transition after the ecological de-farming.The conclusions are as following:(1)The ecological de-farming program has markedly increased farmer's per capita income and promoted the agricultural structure adjustment and rural labor transfer.(2)At the present stage,purpose of rural economic transition in Ansai County is to consolidate the results of the ecological de-farming and realize the sustainable development of rural economy.The fundamental task is the agricultural industrial structural readjustment.(3)Key point of rural economic structure adjustment in Ansai County is to promote secondary industry.In the process of interior agricultural structure adjustment,the development of crop farming,animal husbandry,forestry and fruit industry should be treated as a key point.(4)The crucial problem of rural economical transition is to increase farmers'income and realize the reliable transfer of rural surplus labors.