Based on the measurement of the heavy metal Pb and Cd seasonal content in the surface dust by ICP-MS in the culture and education district in Xi'an City,the article analyzed its pollution characteristics using the classification of geological cumulative pollution index,evaluated the health risks with the health risk evaluation method.The result showed that the content of the heavy metal Pb and Cd content in the surface dust exceeded its soil background value of the Shaanxi Province and most of the geological cumulative index was smaller than 1,which belonged to the slight pollution while the pollution in winter was more serious than the other seasons,of which the contents of the metal Pb and Cd were higher in the eastern suburb while equal in the rest southern,western and northern suburbs.Among three isotopes of Pb and Cd,the content of ²⁰⁷Pb and ¹¹²Cd were the highest. The average daily exposure intake of Pb and Cd was through mouth by mistake,and intake of Cd was more harmful than Pb.