The desertification combating areas around Qinghai Lake were selected in the study. The number and characteristics of soil microbe were examined through field survey and sampling and laboratory test. (1) The areas, in order of decreasing soil microbe gross, were semi-fixed dune in sand island, the lowland between sandy dunes in Ketu, shrubs in Ketu, shrubs in sand island, straw checkerboard barriers zone in Hudong sheep stud, mobile dune, straw checkerboard barriers zone planted with Hippophae thibetana Schlechtend. in Ketu, straw checkerboard barriers zone planted with Populus cathayana Rehd. in Ketu and straw checkerboard barriers zone recently set in the demonstration area. (2) In early combating areas, the vegetable coverage was high, the vertical distribution of soil microbe showed that the amount in topsoil(0-10 cm) was much more than subsoil layer(10-30 cm), and the content of soil microbe was richer than other sample plots. (3) In the mobile dunes and straw checkerboard barriers combating areas, soil microbe was very few, and its number in lower layer was a little higher than the upper layer, due to the better situation of soil water content in the lower layer of mobile dunes.