Through field survey, systematic soil sample collection from surface soils and deep soil layers in the area, effects of land use type, altitude, slope degree and slope aspect on spatial distribution of soil organic matter are studied using variance analysis and buffer analysis methods. Results show that soil organic matter content on the two side areas is low overall, with an uneven distribution and large variability, and gradually declines with decreasing soil depth. Land use type, altitude, slope degree, slope aspect and the distance to the river have significant effects on soil organic matter only within 20 cm of soil surface. Land types, in order of decreasing organic matter content, are farmland, woodland, grassland and orchard wasteland. Organic matter content increases gradually with increasing altitude. Organic matter content on shady and semi-shady slopes is higher than that on sunny slope. Organic matter content increases away from the river bank, but gradually declines with increasing soil depth.