The experiment was performed with the two cultivation modes of solar greenhouse(G) and rain protection shed(S) in two soil moisture levels(soil relative water contents of 60%~70% and 90%~100%). The No.4 Jinchun cucumber was selected to investigate the effects of cultivation modes and soil moisture on yield and quality of cucumber and its water use efficiency. Results showed that: (1) Water consumption increased with increasing soil moisture content. Lower soil moisture was helpful for improving water use efficiency(WUE). Under lower soil moisture, the root-shoot ratio was higher, but plant biomass and crop yields were lower. The root-shoot ratio in solar greenhouse was lower. Plant biomass and crop yield in solar greenhouse were higher than those in rain protection shed. (2) Lower soil moisture was beneficial to improving cucumber quality, and vitamin C(V_c), soluble sugar, protein content and soluble solid content were higher. As for the nutrition quality, rain protection shed gave a better quality than solar greenhouse.