Taking Bayan County in grain producing areas of Northeast China as the study area, with "3S" technology, Logistic model is used to indentify the driving forces of cultivated land resources change. Single factor index method and path analysis are used to explore the impact of single factor and composite factors on food production. Results showed that: (1) The driving forces of cultivated land resources change mainly included slope, soil type, average land GDP and other 8 sensitive factors, and the driving mechanism of each driving factor was different. (2) The changes in the classification of single driving factor index might lead to changes in food production. The maximum change occurs in soil organic matter content with a level of 1-2 while the minimum change occurs in policies and regulations with a level of 2-3. (3) The impact of complex factors on food production was that 0.1 changes in the driving forces may lead to a change in food production around 950 kg/hm². Both single factor and composite factors had a great impact on food production. Therefore, specific measures need to be formulated to enhance food production according to the different characteristics of the driving factors.