To survey water pollution of the Xinli River in Bincheng District, 8 sampling sites were monitored using Vicia faba root tip cell micronucleus technique. The eight sampling sites were the reservoir outlet, Xixiezhuang Bridge, Huanghe No. 2 Bridge, Huanghe No. 5 Bridge, Huanghe No. 8 Bridge, Huanghe No. 12 Bridge, Huanghe No. 15 Bridge and Beiwaihuan Bridge. The water pollution status of the Xinli River was evaluated, combined with the investigation of sewage outfall number and apparent features of water quality. Results showed that pollution index(PI) for the four sampling points of the Huanghe No. 5 to No. 15 Bridges was greater than 3.50, belonging to serious pollution. The sources of river pollution were mainly the domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. The outfalls in this section accounted for 58.54% of the total discharge, with black sewage and obvious odor. Result from field investigation matched that from the micronucleus technique, and indicated that the Xinli River has been polluted seriously with the consequence of biological chromosome aberration, and pollution control of the Xinli River needs to be enhanced greatly.