Based on the data from the second class investigation of forest resources in the Liaoheyuan River Natural Reserve, grid quadrats sampling and CCA(canonical correspondence analysis) were used to analyze the relationship between the spatial distribution of forest landscapes in the Liaohe yuan River Natural Reserve and its environmental factors. (1) Overall performance of the forest landscapes is that the plantations are located in low-lying areas and natural forests, in high altitudes, which is the same as the distribution of the CCA ordination diagram. Monte Carlo test results show that elevation and slope are the main environmental factors affecting the differentiation of forest landscape patterns. (2) In the Natural Reserve, aspect, canopy density and soil thickness have very limited influence on the spatial distribution of forest landscape elements, and elevation is found to be the main factor to control the spatial distribution of forest landscape elements, followed by slope. Both indirectly control water, hot conditions affecting the distribution of stand species, thereby affecting the forest landscape pattern.