The natural background characteristics of the rural residential areas and their site conditions of adjacent land have stronger similarity nature attribute. Based on calculating the difference between the natural quality score of the residential land reclamation and the standard nature quality score, the land suitability was evaluated after the rural residential land was consolidated. The results showed that after the rural residential land was consolidated, it can increase 474.63 hm² arable land, 367.28 hm² garden land and 0.24 hm² woodland. The residential land which can be consolidated as arable land was identified, and then the land level will be determined after rural residential land was consolidated using the function "join data from another layer based on spatial location" in ArcGIS 10.0, and the rural residential land consolidation potential production capacity of all the county was calculated to be 6 783.45 t. At last, using the cluster analysis method, the rural residential land in Linxi County after the consolidation had be divided into different areas, it showed that the increasing production capacity of the class Ⅰ area can reach 3 282.52 t, the class Ⅱ area can reach 1 964.80 t, and the class Ⅲ area can reach 1 536.13 t.