Land use/land cover of Fenghe River Basin was quantitative analyzed using Landsat TM image which acquiring in 2009, and its effects on water quality were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis, in which, the main water quality indexes included BOD₅, COD_Mn, NH₃-N and DO. The results showed that the forest and cultivated lands were the main land use types, and they accounts for more than 90% of the whole basin area. The buffer area which along the main tributary extending 100, 600 and 1 500 m, the cultivated land and constructive land were positively correlated with water quality index, while forest land were negatively correlated with water quality index. It indicated that the land use in the river basin had great impacts on water quality parameters, construction land and cultivated land have negative effects on water quality, and forest land has positive effects on water quality. The influence of land use to water quality achieved the maximum in 100 m buffer area. With the increase of the buffer distance, the influence was weaken gradually. It indicated that land use is the main factor influencing water environmental quality in Fenghe River Basin.