Soil amendment was applied by one-time in aeolian sandy soil to study its long-term effects on physical properties and the yield of maize planted in the following years. The results showed that the sandy soil amendment treatments significantly improved soil aggregate content which particle size were greater than 0.25 mm in 0-40 cm soil layer, promoted the small particle size between 0.1~0.25 mm and enhanced the transformation of particles of 0.1~0.25 mm into 0.25~0.5 mmand particles greater than 2 mm, especially in 0-10 cm soil layer at the fourth year. Compared with CK, the soil particle size between 0.1~0.25 mm in 0-10 cm soil layer of the fourth annual treatment decreased by 34.55%, and the soil particle size in 0.25~0.5 and greater than 2 mm were increased by 1.63 times and 12.31 times than CK. The soil water content, increased by 42.21%~48.48%, 32.48%~38.11%, 28.35%~34.3% and 19.15%~29.47% compared to CK in the third, fourth and first year treatment. There was a significant differences among the treatments in maize yield, the yield of treatments increased by 15.1%~59.62% compared to CK. After the first three years, sandy soil amendment treatments applied could significantly improve soil aggregate structure, water storage capacity and maize yield, which showed that sandy soil amendment has remarkable effects on soil improving and yield-increasing.