Rural residential land is the mainly settlement form for rural people in China. Taking Xingyi Town in Fengdu County of Chongqing City in hilly and mountainous areas of Sourth-West China as a study area, an evaluation system for effects on rural residential land layout was set up based on ArcGIS spatial analysis, mathematical statistics, SPSS clustering analysis and other research methods. And then the rural residential land use of every zone in Xingyi Town was optimized. The results showed as follows:(1) Through the single factor quantitative analysis and comprehensive evaluation, it showed that rural residential land layout comprehensive suitability of Xingyi Town was 0~45.52, in which, the higher suitable area, moderately suitable area, lower suitable area and inappropriate area accounted for 25.16%, 29.49%, 29.09% and 16.26% of the total land area in Xingyi Town, respectively;(2) Using the method of cluster analysis, four types of districts were divided, they were moderate exploration district, key development district, expansion-limited district and priority management district, and the area of four districts was 113.30, 188.59, 104.01 and 41.72 hm², respectively. Moreover, the corresponding control methods were put forward to optimize the land use structure for different districts.